'Google and other research teams have proved that quantum computers can operate faster than a regu-lar machine, but in 2022 we might actually see them tackle useful problems
that is yet to have much real impact. True supremacy will only be achieved when a quantum computer is significantly better than classical ones and is capable of solving different problems, rather than the random sampling calculations currently used as benchmarks.
He says IBM is working towards “quantum business advantage” – the point at which a quantum computer can solve genuinely useful problems for researchers or companies significantly faster than classical computers can. Sutor says this hasn’t arrived yet and won’t during 2022, but can be expected within the decade., co-founder of quantum software company Classiq, is more optimistic. He believes that 2022 will see a demonstration of quantum supremacy in a useful problem.
“Remember when the first electric cars came out? They were useful to drive to the grocery store, but perhaps not to drive 300 miles to drop your kid off at college. Like electric cars, quantum computers will get better and better over time, making them useful in a wider range of applications,” he says.
There are a number of hurdles to solving practical problems. The first is that devices need thousands more qubits to do so, and these must also be more stable and reliable than existing ones. It is likely that researchers will need to group them together in clumps to work as a single “logical qubit”. This helps with fidelity, but will gnaw away at improvements to scale: thousands of logical qubits may require millions of physical qubits.
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