The latest in nanoscale 3D scanning techniques have been used to reveal some of the finest secrets of a medieval material known as Zwischgold (part-gold): an ultra-thin metal foil consisting of a gold top layer and a silver base, used to gild sculptures.
Up until now, only 2D cross-sections of the materials had been studied, but in a new study researchers have been able to create 3D representations of Zwischgold for the first time, revealing how it was put together and why historians might face challenges in restoring medieval art.
, which shines X-rays through a sample of material to create shadows of varying intensity called diffraction patterns. Pure gold leaf produced in the Middle Ages without the silver would have measured around 140 nanometers, so the Zwischgold was cheaper to produce. It was demanding the expertise of a specialist – this wouldn't have been a job that just anyone could've done. And a job that in all likelihood have been kept a secret.
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