Thousands of Amazon Indigenous are leaving their rainforest villages in a migration to urban areas that is reshaping their lives, their villages and their new cities
in part to safeguard Indigenous communities. A crucial part of that is improving education, a significant challenge in remote areas of the Amazon.
The Indigenous migration is being driven in part by a federal program created 20 years ago in Lula's first term. The Bolsa Familia program — in English, “Family Allowance” — was launched to provide cash to families if they immunize their children and keep them in school. Tens of thousands of Indigenous families started frequenting cities to withdraw the benefit from state bank branches, including nearly 900 in the Javari Valley.
“We need clothing, to eat every day, to pay for electricity, and water bills. If all of that were free, we could sustain ourselves with $125,” said Tumi, who recently left the bakery to work for Univaja. Nelly Marubo, an anthropologist who is Indigenous, said Indigenous people who come to Atalaia do Norte for a better education can be disappointed by what they find. The municipality ranks poorly in areas like literacy, standard of living and health, and unemployment is as high as 93%.
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