13.5-billion-year-old clouds are poor in iron, suggesting they precede the dissemination of heavier elements.
This process continued, as the next generation of stars formed from the gas spewed forth from the first supernovae. Those stars’ deaths gave way to more enriched gas and heavier elements, and so on. But iron—a heavier element than carbon and oxygen—was not formed by those early stars, whose deaths were too low energy to fling iron from their cores into the cosmos.
They found these clouds using quasars, active galactic nuclei at the cores of galaxies. The extraordinarily bright quasars illuminated the gas clouds, whose chemical compositions were deciphered by the VLT’sClouds like these three will be intriguing research subjects for the next generation of space telescopes, including the ESO’s appropriately named Extremely Large Telescope.
The Webb Space Telescope may also shed light on the aftermath of the first stars; earlier this year, the nascent space observatory showcased its
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