Astronomers witness the birth of a very distant cluster of galaxies from the early universe nature
This image shows the protocluster around the Spiderweb galaxy , seen at a time when the Universe was only 3 billion years old. Most of the mass in the protocluster does not reside in the galaxies that can be seen in the centre of the image, but in the gas known as the intracluster medium . The hot gas in the ICM is shown as an overlaid blue cloud. The hot gas was detected with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array , of which ESO is a partner.
Previously, the ICM had only been studied in fully-formed nearby galaxy clusters. Detecting the ICM in distant protoclusters—that is, still-forming galaxy clusters—would allow astronomers to catch these clusters in the early stages of formation. A team led by Luca Di Mascolo, first author of the study and researcher at the University of Trieste, Italy, were keen to detect the ICM in a protocluster from the early stages of the universe.
That was the Spiderweb protocluster, located at an epoch when the universe was only 3 billion years old. Despite being the most intensively studied protocluster, the presence of the ICM has remained elusive. Finding a large reservoir of hot gas in the Spiderweb protocluster would indicate that the system is on its way to becoming a proper, long-lasting galaxy cluster rather than dispersing.
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