This article looks at the differences, safety, and reliability of using single- and dual-motors to control airflow in biological safety cabinets (BSCs).
Sponsored Content by NuAireJun 15 2023Reviewed by Olivia Frost From the first generation of Class II Biosafety Cabinets , using a single motor/blower have improved reliability for controlling airflow dynamics for both downflow and inflow versus a dual motor/blower systems that independently control downflow and inflow respectively.
The specification stated: “The unit shall have only one motor driven fan system for both recirculated and exhaust air.” When a change in blower speed occurs, inflow, and downflow speed still remain equal; by design, a single-blower system is inherently balanced. The NIH specification strengthened this idea that simplicity enhances reliability by reducing points of potential failure.
Reliability and Balance Reliability is the main feature of a biosafety cabinet since a BSC can only be safe if it is reliable. As the late Dutch computer scientist and winner of the 1972 Turing Award, Edsger Dijkstra, boasted, “Simplicity is prerequisite for reliability.” Expanding from this fundamental reasoning, a single-blower BSC is fundamentally more reliable than a dual-blower system by having one less point of potential failure.
blowers properly performing when they are in a constant state of pulling air from the same plenum and discharging in opposite directions. Essentially, the two motor/blowers are inclined to counteract each other if not properly maintained. Certification and Safety To ensure the safe operation of any BSC, it should be certified upon installation, after any repair or being moved and, otherwise, annually. The field certification process should follow the NSF/ANSI 49 .The downflow and inflow velocity tests are performed at the same time, because adjusting either the motor/blower or baffle system affects both results. However, since the baffle system is fixed and not dynamic, adjustment can be made rapidly without system changes.
In a dual motor/blower system, if the supply blower fails, the exhaust motor/blower will continue to run, which would maintain some degree of air inflow. However, the inflow movement would be fundamentally different and very unsafe. The inflow movement would be more lateral and actually may cause more material to escape during the cabinet user’s stop work procedure.
If a manufacturer provides the required additional horsepower, the BSC creates more noise and vibration, as well as consuming more energy. The typical end result of today’s cabinets that use dual motor/blower systems is that they don’t provide an equal amount of system capacity. With lower system capacity, HEPA filter replacement occurs more often.
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