Stephanie Pappas is a contributing writer for Live Science, covering topics ranging from geoscience to archaeology to the human brain and behavior.
A shuddering supervolcano in California is simmering down, not ramping up, thanks to a giant lid that is covering its magma reservoir, new research finds.
A new study published Oct. 18 in the journal Science Advances, however, finds that the volcano's piping-hot reservoir is covered with a layer of cooled, crystallized magma-turned-rock. The researchers found that as the upper layer of the reservoir cools, it releases volatile gasses in bubbles and burps that cause earthquakes and the ground to inflate — which suggests the seismic activity in the area is not caused by an impending massive eruption.
Some of the Long Valley Caldera temblors are quite dramatic. For example, in May 1980 alone, there were four magnitude-6 earthquakes in the region, Zhan said. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, the caldera produced earthquake swarms between 1978 and 1983, between 1990 and 1995, in 1996, and between 1997 and 1998. It also triggered a series of quakes around 2014 and 2019, though at a lower rate than during the earlier swarms.
To investigate which is responsible, Zhan and his colleagues used an earthquake-monitoring technique called distributed acoustic sensing. This method involves laying out long fiber-optic cables to sense even very small earthquakes. Over 12 months, the researchers detected more than 6,000 temblors. They used these waves to create images of the subsurface, much like an ultrasound uses sound waves to create pictures of internal organs.
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