CDC reports an alarming rise in pediatric intracranial infections in the U.S.

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CDC reports an alarming rise in pediatric intracranial infections in the U.S.
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CDC reports an alarming rise in pediatric intracranial infections in the U.S. Children PediatricIntracranialInfection Coronavirus COVID Neurology Pandemic CDCMMWR

By Dr. Liji Thomas, MDJun 5 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. Intracranial infections are relatively rare in children; however, an unusual surge was reported to the Southern Nevada Health District in October 2022. This rise in intracranial infections with severe symptoms appears to be part of a national pattern of increased cases over the first two pandemic years.

Rising intracranial infection cases The investigators carried out two studies in which they compared the observed number of cases with the expected number between January 2015 to December 2022. This was then updated with later data, extending the study period to March 2023. A median of one case was diagnosed every quarter in Clark County over the study period. However, the rate of intracranial infections was 0.5 every quarter during the four years preceding the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 , whereas the rate increased to 1.5 cases each quarter in the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Identified risk factors Of the 18 cases identified in southern Nevada in 2022, 12 occurred in males, and the median age was 12 years. A total of 15 cases required craniotomy to drain the intracranial pus with a median hospitalization period of 15 days. The highest number of cases was reported during the winter of 2022 and 2023 months when high levels of respiratory viruses were circulating. Notably, viral infection of the respiratory tract and sinuses is associated with intracranial infections in children. However, other demographic and clinical attributes of the affected population did change throughout the study period.

This analysis in a large, geographically diverse network of children’s hospitals showed elevations in pediatric intracranial infections beginning in mid-2021 with a large spike in winter 2022–2023, both nationally and by U.S. Census Bureau region.”

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