Research suggests that European cuttlefish use a more complex strategy than previously thought to camouflage themselves within underwater surroundings. According to a new study, European cuttlefish (sepia officinalis) may combine two distinct neural systems that process specific visual features f
To construct the body patterns it utilizes to disguise itself on the sea floor, European cuttlefish may use two independent brain systems that interpret particular visual elements from its immediate surroundings and visual signals from its general background environment.
This new study explored whether the cuttlefish uses a cognitive process that is triggered by specific, visual features in its environment and which warrants the number of body pattern components it possesses. In the study, 15 European cuttlefish were independently acclimated to a small water tank in which they were randomly exposed to either a uniform, grey background, or one of seven backgrounds with detailed, patterned features . The researchers photographed the animals’ camouflage responses to these visual cues with a camera, which were then analyzed to see which of the 30 body pattern components appeared activated across the sample of test subjects.
Whilst the study findings are preliminary, they are in line with a model in which European cuttlefish do employ a cognitive system that processes specific visual features of the environment, and which is used in combination with a system that responds to the visual background overall. Furthermore, a model in which the visual feature system is implemented in a hierarchical fashion , in order for the animal to create the myriad camouflage responses used on the sea floor.
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