Connecting the inflammatory dots: Obesity, depression, and Alzheimer's linked by neuroinflammation Obesity Neuroinflammation Depression Alzheimers neuroimaging AmJGeriPsych els_psychiatry
By Dr. Chinta SidharthanJun 13 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. In a recent study published in The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, researchers review the neuroinflammation mechanisms associated with depression, Alzheimer’s disease, and obesity, the therapeutic options for decreasing neuroinflammation, and radiological initiatives for assessing neuroinflammation.
Depression affects over 300 million individuals and is the foremost cause of loss of productive life years and disability. Obesity is also rapidly becoming a global health epidemic, with close to 36% and 38% of men and women worldwide, respectively, considered overweight or obese. Mechanisms of neuroinflammation Chronic inflammation may also contribute to the immune dysregulation linked to gut microbiome dysbiosis, metabolic changes, or amyloid pathology interactions leading to neuroinflammation. Obesity-associated chronic inflammation is believed to affect the central nervous system, subsequently leading to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration.
High-fat diets also lower calcium signaling, decrease the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and increase the hippocampal adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling levels, thereby leading to decreased neurogenesis. Obesity-related neuroinflammation and insulin resistance may also contribute to the pathophysiology of depression and Alzheimer’s disease. Possible mechanisms for this association include the activation of astrocytes and microglia into neurotoxic subtypes and disruption of the glycogen synthase kinase-3 pathway that is essential for synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis.
Interventions Some of the major interventions that can be used to reduce inflammation associated with obesity, Alzheimer’s disease, and depression include lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity, dietary and calorific restrictions, and bariatric surgery.
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