Giving kids deworming pills boosted their household income as adults by 13%, a new study finds. But there are significant caveats. For one, income boost was limited to men — even though women saw the biggest education gains.
A teacher gives a deworming tablet to a student during National Deworming Day at a high school in Hyderabad, India, in 2017.A teacher gives a deworming tablet to a student during National Deworming Day at a high school in Hyderabad, India, in 2017.It's one of the cheapest ways to help kids in extremely poor countries: Twice a year, give them a 50-cent pill to kill off nasty intestinal parasites.
The parasites aren't just bad for kids' health. They can make a child too listless to pay proper attention in school or so sick she misses many school days. This kind of experiment is called a randomized controlled trial. And it has long been the way that scientists like, say, biologists, determine whether a new medication works. But at the time, randomized controlled trials were just starting to gain ground as a tool for economists to check whether programs to alleviate poverty worked."This was the first one I was involved in," says Kremer. And, he adds with a chuckle,"this changed the nature of my research a lot.
Various state governments in India also followed suit. Today, Kremer estimates that about 150 million children per year are given deworming pills as a result of the initiatives in Kenya and India alone. A large reason deworming increased incomes, adds Kremer, is that it increased the likelihood that recipients would work in nonagricultural jobs by 9%. These jobs generally pay more than farm work.
There are, however, some significant caveats to these findings. One is that the income boost was limited to the men in the study. This was all the more notable given that as children, the women saw the biggest education gains from the deworming. For instance, among boys, deworming did not increase the likelihood of going on to high school. But among girls, deworming increased the share who attended high school from 33% to 42%.
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