A new study explains what causes the loss of smell for Covid-19 patients.
Covid-19 patients were more likely to have damaged blood vessels and axons—the parts of nerve cells that transmit signals to other cells—in their olfactory bulb, the region of the brain that processes smells, according to the study, which looked at 23 deceased Covid-19 patients and a control group of 14 deceased people without Covid-19.
Axon degeneration was about 60% more severe and damage to microscopic blood vessels was about 36% more severe in patients with Covid-19 than among those without the disease, and Covid-19 patients who reported smell changes were most severely affected overall, according to the study. However, people with more severe Covid-19 symptoms were not more likely to show damage to nerve cells and microscopic blood vessels in the olfactory bulb.
The axon damage observed in some patients suggests that Covid-induced smell loss may be severe and irreversible, the study’s authors said.It remains unknown how Covid-19 causes smell loss. It’s possible that this condition is caused directly by injuries created by the coronavirus, or indirectly by symptoms like inflammation.
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