Cancer cells are extremely adept at flying under the immune system’s radar. But recent research points to a way of making certain cancers more targetable.
Cancer is a tricky disease to tackle. The simplicity and universality of the name belies the breadth and diversity of cancers out there. They attack every inch of the body in a myriad of ways, using a variety of tactics and DNA they can edit on the fly to evade capture and bypass our body’s defenses.
“People have been looking for what we call cancer-specific antigens” for a very long time, says Kevan Shokat, who runs a cellular and molecular pharmacology lab at the University of California San Francisco. In theory, these antigens are proteins found on the surface of cancer cells — but not cells in the rest of the body. “And, in essence, there are none,” he says.
“It’s this protein that doesn’t have any drug pockets on it,” Shokat explains. In other words, there was no way a drug detectable by the immune system could bind to it and initiate an immune response. How they overcame the “undruggable nature of K-RAS,” he says, is a bit of an odyssey.The first step was to develop a drug that could pick out cancer cells.
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