Three biologists argue that popular notions of a fungi-based system connecting trees may be wishful thinking.
, and University of Mississippi biologist Jason Hoeksema. Below is our conversation, lightly edited for clarity and length.Can you explain what you actually found in your review, in the simplest terms possible?Well, I guess I would say in very plain words: The [media] story is ahead of the science. That’s, I think, the basic message.
We found that there are only five such maps done in the world. Four of those maps were done in a single forest type. So these are interior Douglas fir forests. And there was another map done in a pine forest in Japan. Of course, there are many, many, many different forest types in the world. We only have any data for two.Then, of those five maps, just two were done in a way so that we could be very confident [in the fungal connections].
But they also included another treatment in that experiment that allowed not only mycorrhizal networks, but also allowed the neighboring seedlings to have their roots intermingle naturally as would occur in a wild forest. And when they allowed roots to intermingle, the apparent signaling effect went away. The recipient seedlings were no longer up-regulating their defensive enzymes in response to the target plants being attacked.
Our conclusion was the carbon must be moving via the mycorrhizal network because the cedar received much less carbon than the other two did. But we’ve learned since that these [types of fungi the cedars do form] are much more diffuse and are [worse at uptaking nutrients]. Conversely, the [birch and fir] fungi are better at taking up exudates that might leak out of another mycorrhizae or out of roots.
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