The jagged region sits at the boundary between liquid core and solid mantle, and it might be the remnants of ancient seafloor.
New measurements from 15 seismic stations buried in the snow across Antarctica have revealed that this weird boundary layer, nearly 2,000 miles deep, may have once been part of the surface. The evidence suggests that at subduction zones, where one tectonic plate dives beneath another, ancient ocean floorThe findings, published in the journal
, provide a glimpse into the geologic cycling fueled by tectonic plates. They also offer new clues to the way heat moves through Earth’s many layers.Understanding this planetary churn is an existential pursuit: Heat radiating from the planet’s solid metal core drives the motion of fluid in the outer core, which is thought to generate the protective magnetic field that makes life possible on the surface.
Hansen and colleagues made multiple trips to Antarctica between 2012 and 2015 to dig holes in the snow and plant seismic monitoring stations, then returned to gather data. Their primary goal was to study a poorly understood mountain range that crosses the continent, the Transantarctic Mountains. But they realized that their instruments also gave them a way to scan portions of the deep interior under the Southern Hemisphere.
What they found was a thin but dense layer between the core and the mantle that ranged in thickness from three to 25 miles.
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