“We call this a microbiology lab in a can,” said Jim Birch, director of the SURF center at the Moss Landing-based Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.
That “can” is actually MBARI’s environmental sample processor, a $200,000 robotic laboratory the size of a 50-gallon drum. It gathers genetic clues — cells, mucus, feces — from ecosystems that are collectively dubbed environmental DNA, or eDNA.
Worldwide interest in eDNA’s ability to detect rare organisms has expanded over the past few decades. The new technology rediscovered a rare aquatic insect population in the United Kingdom. It detected more mammals than traditional camera traps in the Canadian wilderness. It helped track the spread of the coronavirus.
In the creek, the device sat next to a more established monitoring tool: a weir operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Birch said that the weir, a perforated “flow-through dam,” has allowed NOAA staff to tally, inspect and release fish on a seasonal basis for two decades. The highest concentrations of coho salmon eDNA, for example, appeared during the winter when the fish were thought to be migrating and laying eggs. During the fall, when the creek’s flow diminished, so did the amount of salmon eDNA. The findings gave researchers confidence in the data and suggested that the new monitoring methods could be well-suited for documenting the behaviors of migratory fish, Searcy said.
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