Examining SARS-CoV-2 origin theories SARSCoV2 Coronavirus Disease COVID mbiojournal ASMicrobiology
By Tarun Sai LomteMar 16 2023Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. A recent editorial published in the Journal of Virology summarized the evidence on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 origin hypotheses.
Scientific evidence alone cannot definitively provide an answer. Establishing the laboratory leak hypothesis requires evidence from the Wuhan Institute of Virology that it was working on a CoV closely related to the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain. If such work had been taken up at the institute, then initial coronavirus disease 2019 cases could have been among WIV personnel. While China has refuted this, transparency is lacking.
Hypothesis 2 – SARS-CoV-2 was produced in the lab Although some reports suggest that SARS-CoV-2 contains hallmarks of recombinant DNA technology, this theory has been refuted, including by the United States intelligence community. Recent studies suggest that amino acids N-terminal to the furin cleavage site, comprising the cleavage loop, are critical. The length of the loop and a glycosylation site define the cleavage site’s contribution to SARS-CoV-2 virulence.
Therefore, RaTG13 is not a proximal ancestor. However, given the lack of transparency, viruses in the WIV lab could not be independently verified. Further, high recombination rates are observed within the Sarbecovirus subgenus. Recombination produces chimeric genomes, increasing CoV diversity and making ancestor tracing more complex.
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