Countries are racing to prepare for extreme weather later this year as the world tips into an El Nino — a natural climate phenomenon that fuels tropical cyclones in the Pacific and boosts rainfall and flood risk in parts of the Americas and elsewhere.
On Thursday, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration declared that an El Nino is now underway. The past three years have been dominated by the cooler La Nina pattern.
Graphics to help explain on how El Nino works. Two diagrams showing climate patterns in the Pacific Ocean for neutral and el nino conditions.published last month in the journal Science, shrinking GDP as extreme weather decimates agricultural production, manufacturing, and helps spread disease.$1.06 billion to deal with El Nino's impacts and climate change, while the Philippines — at risk from cyclones — has formed a special government team to handle the predicted fallout.
During the 2015-16 El Nino — the strongest such event on record — anchovy stocks off the coast of Peru crashed amid this warm water incursion. And nearly a third of the corals on Australia's Great Barrier Reef died. In too-warm waters corals will expel living algae, causing them to calcify and turn white.
"If you're changing where the storm highway goes ... you're changing what kind of weather we would expect to see," DiLiberto said. Some parts of Central and South America experience heavy rainfall, although the Amazon rainforest tends to suffer from drier conditions.El Nino could offer a reprieve to the Horn of Africa, which recentlyfive consecutive failed rainy seasons. El Nino brings more rain to the Horn, unlike the triple-dip La Nina which desiccated the region.
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