Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger won the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics for their work using entangled photons to test the quantum foundations of reality.
This year’s Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded in equal parts to Alain Aspect of the University of Paris-Saclay, John F. Clauser of J.F. Clauser & Associates, and Anton Zeilinger of the University of Vienna, for their pathfinding work in quantum mechanics and quantum information science.
The scientists’ work collectively addresses core questions deeply investigated in the 1960s by the Northern Irish physicist John Stewart Bell, who sought to understand what entanglement’s “spookiness” implies about the fundamental nature of reality. Bell proposed a way to experimentally test whether entanglement’s quirks actually involved so-called “hidden variables” unaccounted for in quantum theory.
But myriad loopholes remained. And about 10 years later, after refining Clauser’s experiment, Aspect and his collaborators closed one of them, developing a way to switch the directions of entangled photon pairs in billionths of a second—after they had left their source but before they arrived at a detector. This ensured the measurement settings that existed when the photons were emitted could not affect the ultimate result, greatly reinforcing the notion that hidden variables do not exist.
Eva Olsson, a member of the Nobel Committee for Physics, said Aspect’s, Clauser’s and Zeilinger’s work has “opened doors to another world, and it has shaken the very foundation of how we interpret measurements.”
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