The federal government has invested more than $9 billion into COVID-19 candidate vaccines. Here's how it's been allocated.
The federal government has allocated more than $9 billion to develop and manufacture candidate vaccines. More than $2.5 billion more has been earmarked for vials to store the vaccines, syringes to deliver them, and on efforts to ramp up manufacturing and capacity.So far, the largest sums have gone to pharmaceutical giants Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and a collaboration between Sanofi and GSK, as well as biotech firms Moderna and Novavax – all of which have candidate vaccines being tested in people.
None of the candidate vaccines use the whole virus, so they cannot cause COVID-19. Instead, they train the immune system to respond to the virus' spike protein – which gives the coronavirus its distinctive shape. Once the immune system is trained to recognize the spike protein, it should be able to rapidly clear the virus should the person be exposed again.
Almost all the candidate vaccines in human trials will require two doses to become fully effective, which means many hundreds of millions of doses will be needed to vaccinate the majority of America's 328 million residents.herd immunity In each of the Phase 3 trials, only about 150-160 people will have to fall ill with COVID-19 for statisticians to be able to calculate the effectiveness of the vaccine.
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