The colleges and universities that cheated female athletes of their fair share should have given them $23.7 million more in athletic scholarships in 2020-21, a USA TODAY investigation found.
“Women of color,The findings underscore how the playing field at many of the universities with the largest and wealthiest sports programs remains uneven for female athletes, 50 years after the landmark civil rights law was enacted. Closing the gap, however, is not quite as simple as writing more women bigger checks.
"USF Athletics has historically expanded opportunities and support for female student-athletes and continues to do so with the recent additions of a women’s lacrosse program and a women’s beach volleyball program that increase our total of varsity women’s sports teams to 12 – all of which are fully funded for available scholarships under NCAA rules," associate athletic director Brian Siegrist told USA TODAY in an emailed statement.
Aggrieved athletes are left to figure out the rules themselves, assess if their own schools are breaking them and file a complaint with the department or hire lawyers to sue their institutions. The legal dispute, which remains ongoing, illuminates the inherent Title IX conflict NCAA limits create. Therein lies the problem. If San Diego State had maxed out its limits for both sexes, only 51.9% of its total scholarship money would have gone to women – roughly 5 percentage points short of what Title IX required.
Rowing and track and field are the only women's sports with average roster sizes that approach football's, but their scholarship limits pale in comparison. Their respective limits are 20 and 18, even though teams of 100-plus female rowers and 60-plus female track and field athletes are common. Of the 107 universities analyzed by USA TODAY, the total scholarship capacity was higher for men's teams than women's at 104 of them. Only San Diego State, Eastern Michigan University, and the University of California, Berkeley, had higher capacities for women.
Efforts have been made to increase scholarship limits for some women's sports since schools first adopted them in 1982-83 – the year after the NCAA started sponsoring women’s championships. But the schools collectively voted down most of those proposals, and successful ones barely moved the needle. “If any member school is concerned that these rules are prohibiting them from complying with Title IX, they are encouraged to sponsor additional women’s sports on campus and/or propose new rules at any time to allow for greater support," the statement said.
Take Arkansas State University, a school whose enrollment in 2020-21 was 60% female. Only 39% of its athletes were women. While Title IX requires schools to provide women and men"equitable" opportunities to play sports, the Department of Education offers them three ways to demonstrate they are doing so.
The imbalance in participation opportunities creates a facade that dozens of schools give female athletes too much scholarship money. In reality, those schools simply don't have enough female athletes.At the University of Nebraska, for instance, men accounted for 59% of athletes in 2020-21 but received 53% of scholarship money – a 6 percentage point gap that put it out of Title IX compliance.
“The Department is fully committed to continuing this progress and ensuring there is robust support for collegiate women’s sports,” Lhamon's statement said. “Congress requires every school to do its own work to meet its Title IX obligations in the classroom and on the sports field so all students have equal opportunities to thrive.
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