Chandrayaan 3 will attempt to join the exclusive club of countries that have explored the lunar surface.
A rocket carrying Chandrayaan-3 lifts off from the spaceport in Sriharikota. Credit: R. Satish Babu/AFP via Getty
A Launch Vehicle Mark III rocket lifted off from a spaceport on Sriharikota, an island off India’s east coast, carrying the 3.9-tonne Chandrayaan-3 to an elliptical parking orbit around Earth. Next, a two-tonne propulsion module will inject the craft into a circular orbit about 100 kilometres above the Moon’s surface, carrying a lander–rover complex. The Indian Space Research Organisation plans to soft-land the 1.75-tonne Vikram craft at a spot near the Moon’s south pole on 23 August.
Learning from that failure, ISRO incorporated several design changes into the lander–rover portion of Chandrayaan-3. These include new instruments to handle failures and new algorithms to deal with unanticipated deviations in propulsion or trajectory.
“Chandrayaan-3 will help us to better understand the formation and history of the Moon by getting down on the surface and making some unprecedented measurements of the Moon’s chemical make-up,” says planetary scientist Paul Hayne at the University of Colorado Boulder. The rover’s instruments can help researchers to assess the diversity of elements at the landing site, he adds.
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