The existence of parallel universes may seem like something cooked up by science fiction writers. But the idea that we live in a “multiverse” has long been considered a scientific possibility.
. This is notoriously hard because gravitational force is so difficult to describe on small scales like those of atoms and subatomic particles — which is the science of quantum mechanics. But string theory, which states that all fundamental particles are made up of one-dimensional strings, can describe all known forces of nature at once: gravity, electromagnetism and the nuclear forces. However, for string theory to work mathematically, it requires at least ten physical dimensions.
Since we can only observe four dimensions: height, width, depth and time , the extra dimensions of string theory must therefore be hidden somehow if it is to be correct. To be able to use the theory to explain the physical phenomena we see, these extra dimensions have to be “compactified” by being curled up in such a way that they are too small to be seen.
A problem, or some would say, a feature, of string theory is that there are many ways of doing this compactification — . Each of these compactifications will result in a universe with different physical laws — such as different masses of electrons and different constants of gravity.of compactification, so the issue is not quite settled. But given this, the obvious question is: which of these landscape of possibilities do we live in? String theory itself does not provide a mechanism to predict that, which makes it useless as we can’t test it.
The cosmic microwave background. Scoured for gravitational waves and signs of collisions with other universes.
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