The war between Israel and Hamas militants who stormed Israeli towns and kibbutzes from the Gaza Strip on Oct. 7, is the latest in seven decades of conflict between Israelis and Palestinians that has destabilised the wider Middle East.
The conflict pits Israeli demands for security in what it has long regarded as a hostile Middle East against Palestinians' aspirations for a state of their own.On Nov. 29, 1947, the United Nations General Assembly agreed a plan to partition Palestine into Arab and Jewish states and for international rule over Jerusalem. Jewish leaders accepted the plan giving them 56 percent of Palestine land. The Arab League rejected the proposal.
Palestinians lament Israel's creation as the Nakba, or catastrophe, asserting it resulted in their mass dispossession and blocked their dreams of statehood. Israel contests the assertion that it drove Palestinians from their homes. An Israeli census that year put Gaza's population at 394,000, at least 60% of them Palestinian refugees and their descendants.
In 2002, an Arab League plan offered Israel normal relations with all Arab countries in return for a full withdrawal from the lands it took in the 1967 Middle East war, the creation of a Palestinian state and a "just solution" for Palestinian refugees. The presentation of the plan was overshadowed by Hamas, which blew up an Israeli hotel full of Holocaust survivors during a Passover seder meal.
The latest war is diplomatically awkward for Riyadh as well as for other Arab states, including some Gulf Arab states next to Saudi Arabia, that have signed peace deals with Israel.A two-state solution, Israeli settlements on occupied land, the status of Jerusalem, agreed borders, and the fate of Palestinian refugees are at the core of the dispute.
Jerusalem: Palestinians want East Jerusalem, which includes the walled Old City's sites sacred to Muslims, Jews and Christians alike, to be the capital of their state. Israel says Jerusalem should remain its "indivisible and eternal" capital.
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