Our DNA is packed into our nucleus pretty damn tightly. Each chromosome is one looong DNA molecule wrapped around proteins called histones, like a very tiny thread on very tiny spools.
How this happens is fairly well understood, but Schorle and a team of researchers have dug even deeper into the process of hypercondensation and looked at what happens if you mess with one of those protamines, PRM2.is cut off. This cutting off, or cleaving, seems to be critical to make sperm, well… sperm.
"Proper PRM2 cleaving therefore seems to be crucial for successful reproduction, yet, the function of the cleaved PRM2 domain and PRM2 processing are unknown to date,"To discover what happens, the researchers created mutant mice that didn't have an N-terminus on their PRM2 to remove. After closely inspecting their sperm, the team found that PRM2 definitely needs to be cut down to size, as the mice with uncleaved PRM2 had DNA that entirely fell apart.
Although we don't have any direct evidence of this action in humans yet, it's possible that human fertility issues could sometimes be caused by issues with PRM2 cleaving. The team is currently looking into if this is the case."We are the only laboratory in the world to date that has succeeded in generation and breeding of both PRM1 and PRM2 deficient mouse lines which are now used to study the role of these proteins in spermatogenesis.
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