This stunning Hubble image reveals the goings-on inside the Chamaeleon 1 dark nebula. Young stars are shaping the region with powerful jets of gas.
Stars form inside vast collections of molecular hydrogen called molecular clouds, sometimes called stellar nurseries or star forming regions. Instabilities in the clouds cause gas to collapse in on itself, and when enough material gathers and the density reaches a critical stage, a star begins its life of fusion.
This is an older Hubble Space Telescope image of the ethereal object known as HH 909A. These speedy outflows collide with the slower surrounding gas, lighting up the region. Image Credit: NASA, ESA, and P. Hartigan In the nebula in the leading image, the star isn’t energetic enough to ionize the gas. If it were, the gas would then emit its own light as an emission nebula. Instead it’s a reflection nebula, where the light from the star is scattered, making the dust in the cloud visible. Reflection nebulae are often blue for the same reason our sky appears blue: blue light is scattered more efficiently. The scattering is called Rayleigh Scattering after the discoverer, British physicist Lord Rayleigh.
The Sun’s siblings drifted away from one another, and the Sun dispersed the gas and dust in its immediate surroundings long ago. Its stellar wind spread the gas and dust back into the ISM, to eventually be taken up in another molecular cloud and begin the star formation cycle all over again.
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