The days of lead-acid batteries are rapidly coming to an end
Cradles transport Ford Focus automobile bodies inside the Ford Motor Co. factory in Saarlouis, Germany, on Wednesday, Sept. 25, 2019. Ford recently announced it expects 'electrified' vehicles which include mild hybrids, traditional hybrids, plug-in electric hybrids and battery electric vehicles to make up over 50% of its passenger vehicle sales by year-end 2022. Photographer: Krisztian Bocsi/BloombergBatteries became an indispensable part of our daily lives during the 20th Century.
Primary batteries are cheap, and are used in flashlights, TV remotes, toys, and consumer electronics. The other two major types of secondary batteries are nickel-based, and both fall between lead-acid and lithium-ion in terms of energy density. The nickel–cadmium battery uses nickel oxide hydroxide and metallic cadmium as electrodes. Ni-Cd batteries are great at maintaining voltage and holding charge when not in use. But these batteries are well-known for “memory” effects that take place when a partially charged battery is recharged. This degrades the capacity of the battery over time.
Another important consideration is a battery’s capacity. The capacity defines the run-time of the battery, which reflects the discharge current the battery can provide until it needs recharging. As the battery is discharged, it will have to be recharged. The cycle life durability of a battery defines the stability of the battery through repeated cycles.
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