A study in Cancer Cell International discusses the intricate role of macrophages in cancer propagation and their promising potential in confronting melanoma, colon, glioma, and breast cancers.
The use of cancer immunotherapy for removing residual tumors has emerged as an effective way to improve the survival of patients with advanced-stage cancers, as it enhances the immune system's ability to eliminate minimal residual tumors. As a result of ineffective immune cells against cancer cells, patients with cancer are more likely to develop tumors, which reduces the effectiveness of therapeutic measures.
In addition, TAMs limit the efficacy of immunotherapy approaches, such as anti-PD1 treatment, because they are linked to resistance to well-known antitumor therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Anyway, many preclinical studies using small molecules or antibodies to block each of mentioned factors/pathways individually have demonstrated significant improvement in response to a wide variety of tumors to therapy, indicating that their blockage is generally well tolerated.
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SALL4 promotes angiogenesis in gastric cancer by regulating VEGF expression and targeting SALL4/VEGF pathway inhibits cancer progression - Cancer Cell InternationalBackground Spalt-like protein 4 (SALL4) is a stemness-related transcription factor whose abnormal re-expression contributes to cancer initiation and progression. However, the role of SALL4 in cancer angiogenesis remains unknown. Methods Analyses of clinical specimens via TCGA datasets were performed to determine the expression level and clinical significance of SALL4 in STAD (Stomach Adenocarcinoma). SALL4 knockdown, knockout, and overexpression were achieved by siRNA, CRISPR/Cas9, and plasmid transfection. The effects of conditioned medium (CM) from SALL4 knockdown or overexpression of gastric cancer cells on endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation were investigated by CCK-8 assay, transwell migration assay, and tube formation assay. The regulation of VEGF gene expression by SALL4 was studied by qRT-PCR, western blot, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Engineered exosomes from 293T cells loaded with si-SALL4-B and thalidomide were produced to test their therapeutic effect on gastric cancer progression. Results SALL4 expression was increased in STAD and positively correlated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. SALL4-B knockdown or knockout decreased while over-expression increased the promotion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation by gastric cancer cell-derived CM. Further investigation revealed a widespread association of SALL4 with angiogenic gene transcription through the TCGA datasets. Additionally, SALL4-B knockdown reduced, while over-expression enhanced the expression levels of VEGF-A, B, and C genes. The results of ChIP and EMSA assays indicated that SALL4 could directly bind to the promoters of VEGF-A, B, and C genes and activate their transcription, which may be associated with increased histone H3-K79 and H3-K4 modifications in their promoter regions. Furthermore, si-SALL4-B and thalidomide-loaded exosomes c
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Plans for deep sea mining gains momentum despite no permission from international authorityA Canadian company is aiming to start production in the Pacific Ocean in 2025 - but the plan comes with fierce opposition. No agreement over licencing deep sea mining has been made and 21 countries have called for the process to be halted.
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Just 4 minutes of ‘exercise snacking’ can reduce your risk of cancer – here’s whyScientists from the University of Sydney have found that a total of just 4.5 minutes can make a profound difference.
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Just 4 minutes of ‘exercise snacking’ can reduce your risk of cancer – here’s whyYou don’t even need to hit the gym to get your daily minutes, either.
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Scots man tells how terminal cancer diagnosis 'freed him from depression'A Scots man has told how a terminal cancer diagnosis freed him from depression and encouraged him to 'make the most of every second'
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I've beat bowel cancer and now I hope to achieve this new milestoneA Bishopton woman who beat bowel cancer is set to swim 15km later this month to support a cause close to her heart.
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