The LHC requires a variety of different types of magnets to direct the beams around its circular shape. Currently installed in the LHC's interaction regions are 9.45-m-long double-aperture magnets of 2.8 T, manufactured by BNL for the RHIC.
For HL-LHC, the interaction region magnets will be replaced by the recombination dipole D2, the longest of all the HL-LHC interaction region magnets. While also based on the same Nb-Ti technology as the previous magnets, the D2 magnets have a stronger field and a wider aperture. Thanks to this upgrade, the"kick" given to the beams to bring them on the same path around IP1 and IP5 will increase from 28 to 35 tesla-meters , allowing space to install the crab cavities.
After the prototype magnet was delivered in late 2021, the team at CERN integrated it in 2022 into a cold mass with two prototype orbit correctors providing 5 T·m dipolar kicks. These correctors are based on a canted cosine theta technology, proposed in the late 60s, which has had an increase in attention in the past decade for its potential wide range of applications.
The team at CERN ran power tests of the magnets from late 2022 to June 2023. The prototype D2 reached its performance requirements at 1.9 K, corresponding to operation at 7 TeV in the HL-LHC plus a 0.5 TeV margin ."We are extremely satisfied with the performances of the D2 prototype," says Stefania Farinon, from INFN-Genova, who is in charge of the D2 collaboration agreement.
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