The sacred relics, transported to Istanbul following Selim I's campaign in Egypt and growing in number over subsequent eras, have been safeguarded and showcased for over 500 years within Topkapi Palace in Istanbul.
The series of wars between the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt and the Ottoman Empire of Turkey that took place between 1516 and 1517 CE ended with the comprehensive defeat of the Mamluks. But not only did the wars extend the Ottoman Empire across Asia Minor and Egypt, they ended up with the Ottomans gaining possession of treasures of historical value that, over time, conferred upon the latter moral preeminence in the Islamic world.
Blessed by the River Nile's fertile lands and valued for its strategic importance, Egypt offered the Ottomans a valuable asset. But it was the possessions linked to Prophet Muhammad that had been curated by his companions and their subsequent generations, that proved to be the icing on the cake for the Ottomans. Previously safeguarded by the Mamluks, which they had inherited from the Abbasids, possession of these sacred relics gave the Ottoman Empire unparalleled heft in the Muslim world.
In the early 16th century, the sacred artefacts transported from Egypt comprised just a fraction of what is currently exhibited at Topkapi Palace. Many of these items, initially brought from Egypt by Sultan Selim I, grew in number over time through acquisitions by different state officials. Moreover, in the 20th century, as Turkish troops withdrew from the Hejaz, hundreds of sacred relics were transported to Istanbul to safeguard them from British possession or potential looting.
Among the other sacred relics is a fractured tooth of the Prophet himself. It is said to have been broken at the Battle of Uhud, the second significant confrontation in Islamic history between Muslims and Meccan polytheists, posed formidable challenges for the Muslim forces. Aiming for a decisive victory, the polytheists aimed to neutralise the Islamic threat by directly striking at Prophet Muhammad.
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