Matter chilled to 3 billion times colder than interstellar space
"The payoff of getting this cold is that the physics really changes," Hazzard said."The physics starts to become more quantum mechanical, and it lets you see new phenomena."Interstellar space can never get this cold because of the presence of the CMB. This evenly spread and uniform radiation was created by an event during the initial rapid expansion of the universe shortly after the Big Bang, the so-called last scattering.
During the last scattering, electrons started to bond with protons, forming the first atoms of the lightest existing element hydrogen. As a result of this atom formation, the universe rapidly lost its loose electrons. And because electrons scatter photons, the universe had been opaque to light before the last scattering. With electrons bound up with protons in these first hydrogen atoms, photons could suddenly travel freely, making the universe transparent to light.
As a result of the last scattering, photons filled the universe at a specific temperature of 2.73 Kelvin, which equals minus 454.76 degrees Fahrenheit which is just 2.73 degrees above absolute zero — 0 Kelvin or minus 459.67 degrees F .
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