As the next round of giant observatories nears completion, astronomers are starting to ponder what comes next. One exciting location to consider is the Moon. There's no atmosphere on the Moon, so a lunar telescope would act like a space telescope. Still, solid ground, lower gravity, and potentially human astronauts are available to do maintenance and make upgrades. A new paper reviews different kinds of telescopes that could be built on the Moon and their unique advantages over Earth- or space-based instruments.
The problem with all of these proposals is that they will require construction at a technical level that would be a challenge even on Earth. The idea of building array observatories and the like on the Moon is a lofty goal, but it is currently far beyond our technical abilities. So the authors propose a somewhat simpler idea. A basic optical telescope that would take advantage of the lunar terrain.
Since the mirrors wouldn’t need to be large, they would be much easier to construct, and the general shape of the crater would mean less “earthworks” needed to put them in place. A variant of this idea would be to place mirrors on one side of a crater, and the instrumentation on the other. This would allow for a very large focal length, the the observational range such such a telescope would be limited.All of these ideas are still in their early stages.
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