You probably think you know the answer—but we put it to the test. (From 2019)
That darker stuff on the shirt is just a tiny bit of water. As the water makes a phase transition from a liquid to a gas, it takes energy. This energy comes from the rest of the liquid water, causing a drop in temperature. This is exactly why humans sweat—we cool off through the evaporation process. Also, check out the mylar on the right. It looks different because it's reflecting both the visible light and the infrared radiation.
Now is the time to discuss this emission vs. reflection problem. In the world of infrared cameras, different materials can have a different. The emissivity of an object can have a value between 0 and 1. If an object is only radiating infrared light and not reflecting it at all, that would be an emissivity of 1. Something that only reflects infrared light would have an emissivity of zero.
The T-shirts have an emissivity very close to 1—they don't really reflect much infrared radiation. But the mylar has an emissivity close to zero. That pretty much answers the question. In most cases white clothes look just like black clothes in the infrared spectrum. They both reflect about the same amount of thermal radiation. That means you are going to be better off with white clothes, since they don't absorb as much visible light. But wait! Could there be a special case in which black is better?
Let's get back to the bedouin black clothing. What is going on here? Well, there is more to heating and cooling than just the color of the clothes. What about evaporation? What about wind? One possible reason for the black clothes is. The idea is that the black clothes heat up the space between the cloth and the human to promote an upward air current . This air current adds to the cooling of the human. But maybe you see the problem.
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