Researchers were able to replicate how solar flares form by creating banana-sized loops of plasma in a lab. The results show that the mini flares are an excellent proxy for studying the real things.
Solar flares are enormous plumes of superheated plasma ejected by the sun. These massive plumes are so large, they could engulf our planet several times over. But for the first time, researchers have created mini solar flares in a laboratory that are small enough to fit inside your lunchbox.
Solar flares can also launch coronal mass ejections — fast-moving clouds of magnetized plasma, high-energy particles and electromagnetic radiation — that can trigger disruptive geomagnetic storms if they hit Earth. But despite observing hundreds of solar flares, researchers still don't know how they transition from corona loops into full-blown projectiles.
The loops were around 8 inches long, around the same size as a banana, and lasted for around 10 microseconds, during which the experiment used up the same amount of energy as the city of Pasadena does in the same timeframe. Using specialized cameras that capture 10 million frames per second, the researchers watched how the loops grew and then broke apart.
"If you dissect a piece of rope, you see that it's made up of braids of individual strands. Pull those individual strands apart, and you'll see that they're braids of even smaller strands, and so on," study lead author Yang Zhang , a graduate student at Caltech, said in a statement ."Plasma loops appear to work the same way."
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