Blockchain not just for bitcoin. It can secure and store genomes too yale
]. To overcome the challenges described above, we developed novel data structures based on nested database indexing, file-format modifications, and compression techniques with the open-source blockchain API MultiChain. We made use of their “data stream” feature, which allows users to create multiple key-value, time-series, or identity databases that can be used for data sharing, time-stamping, and encrypted archiving . We provide two modules.
Because the process of pushing the data into a blockchain is done once but querying and analyzing the data is a continuous process, we focused on optimizing the data storage towards faster querying/analysis with multiple levels of indexing schemes. This is different than the current blockchain genomic data storage options introduced in private industry, where the data storage is optimized, hence providing no option for querying and analyzing the data.
Next, we considered how best to configure data storage in SAMchain. The naive way to store data in a bitcoin-like blockchain would be to append small amounts of data to each transaction using OP_RETURN, a script opcode allowing the sender to send a small amount of data with their transaction. The OP_RETURN data are mined into a block along with the rest of the transaction.
The naive way to store data in a MultiChain stream would be to push all the data to a single stream, and then query from it. However, the query algorithm must check each item to determine if it matches the queried position or range of positions. Were each genomic read defined by a single point position, we would not have this problem; we would simply store point positions as keys.
It is notoriously difficult to store large amounts of data in a blockchain, due to network latency and storage redundancy []. Thus, to store raw genomic data on-chain, we first needed to manipulate the information content for efficient storage. Whereas a SAM file stores a read’s sequence and the quality string of the read, SAMchain stores only the difference between a read and a reference genome.
Deutschland Neuesten Nachrichten, Deutschland Schlagzeilen
Similar News:Sie können auch ähnliche Nachrichten wie diese lesen, die wir aus anderen Nachrichtenquellen gesammelt haben.
Addressing the routine failure to clinically identify monogenic cases of common disease - Genome MedicineChanges in medical practice are needed to improve the diagnosis of monogenic forms of selected common diseases. This article seeks to focus attention on the need for universal genetic testing in common diseases for which the recommended clinical management of patients with specific monogenic forms of disease diverges from standard management and has evidence for improved outcomes.We review evidence from genomic screening of large patient cohorts, which has confirmed that important monogenic case identification failures are commonplace in routine clinical care. These case identification failures constitute diagnostic misattributions, where the care of individuals with monogenic disease defaults to the treatment plan offered to those with polygenic or non-genetic forms of the disease.The number of identifiable and actionable monogenic forms of common diseases is increasing with time. Here, we provide six examples of common diseases for which universal genetic test implementation would drive improved care. We examine the evidence to support genetic testing for common diseases, and discuss barriers to widespread implementation. Finally, we propose recommendations for changes to genetic testing and care delivery aimed at reducing diagnostic misattributions, to serve as a starting point for further evaluation and development of evidence-based guidelines for implementation.
Weiterlesen »
“A paradise for thieves” – Lidl cycle parking placement prompts planning probe“A paradise for thieves” – Lidl cycle parking placement prompts planning probe Discount store secured planning permission on travel plan including putting bike racks outside front of store – but they’ve been placed towards the back cycling
Weiterlesen »
Chinese-state sponsored blockchain org slams cryptosCommunists reckon Bill Gates and Warren Buffet got it right
Weiterlesen »
Doors to the past: Long lost pics of Manchester shopsSome of the stores are now a thing of the past
Weiterlesen »
Walmart sued by FTC over large-scale money transfer fraudWalmart accused of turning blind eye to transfer fraud totaling millions of dollars
Weiterlesen »
Aldi announces 55 locations it wants to open new UK stores - see full listAldi has announced a list of priority locations across the UK where it hopes to build new stores.
Weiterlesen »