Hydrogen spillover is exactly what it sounds like. Small metal nanoparticles anchored on a thermally stable oxide, like silica, comprise a major class of catalysts, which are substances used to accelerate chemical reactions without being consumed themselves. The catalytic reaction usually occurs on the reactive -- and expensive -- metal, but on some catalysts, hydrogen atom-like equivalents literally spill from the metal to the oxide. These hydrogen-on-oxide species are called 'hydrogen spillover.'
Hydrogen spillover is exactly what it sounds like. Small metal nanoparticles anchored on a thermally stable oxide, like silica, comprise a major class of catalysts, which are substances used to accelerate chemical reactions without being consumed themselves. The catalytic reaction usually occurs on the reactive -- and expensive -- metal, but on some catalysts, hydrogen atom-like equivalents literally spill from the metal to the oxide.
"We are now able to explain how hydrogen spillover works, why it works and what drives it," said Chandler, corresponding author on the paper."And, for the first time, we were able to measure it -- that's key. Once you quantify it, you can see how it changes, figure out how to control it and figure out how to apply it to new problems."
Entropy represents the unavailable thermal energy needed to move a process forward. In other words, entropy is energy dispersing to substates, like ice melting into water when the energy to keep the molecules in a solid state is unavailable. Energies require balancing, Chandler said, and measuring entropy's contribution to the balance is near impossible in these systems.
"We got really lucky with our choice of system, which we selected because we were already interested in how gold works as a catalyst," Chandler said, explaining that previous researchers could measure the amount adsorbed accurately because weak adsorption on the oxide masked the amount of spillover from the metal."We didn't invent new chemistry; we just collected the data.
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