Researchers discovered that venom toxins from African spitting cobras cause severe dermonecrosis, highlighting the need for targeted treatments like the repurposed drug varespladib.
By Tarun Sai LomteMay 9 2024Reviewed by Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc. In a recent study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers identified venom toxins in African spitting cobras responsible for local dermonecrosis.
Intravenous antivenom therapy is the current treatment for snakebite envenoming. However, several limitations restrict its clinical utility, such as limited efficacy due to toxin variations, low affordability, and severe adverse reactions. Further, treatment initiation in a clinical setting is delayed due to poor hospital accessibility in rural tropical areas where snakebites are prevalent. Thus, new therapies are needed to overcome these limitations.
The lesions were heterogeneous, with a white region of tissue damage surrounding the dark necrotic center. Further, hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed conspicuous histological differences between macroscopically dark and white areas. Samples from the dark lesions showed extensive damage to all layers of the skin; the epidermis was lost, while the hypodermis and dermis were severely damaged.
While all four CTx reduced cell viability, CTx3 was the most potent. The two PLA2s alone or in combination were not sufficiently toxic. Additional experiments revealed that mice receiving the CTx plus PLA2 combinations had developed lesions similar in size to those induced by crude venom; this suggested that these two toxin groups recapitulate most of the crude venom effects.
Venom Cell Cell Death Efficacy Epidermis Hospital Hyperplasia Micrograph Muscle Necrosis Neglected Tropical Disease Paralysis Pathology Toxin Toxins Tropical Disease
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