The Aztecs Harnessed The Sun And a Mountain to Feed Millions, Scientists Say

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The Aztecs Harnessed The Sun And a Mountain to Feed Millions, Scientists Say
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A new study has shown how ancient civilizations in central Mexico might have once used specific features of their rugged landscape to mark key points in the seasons, allowing them to plan the planting of crops needed to keep a thriving population of...

Standing on the top of Templo Mayor on the winter solstice, an observer would see the Sun rise just behind the tip of Mount Tehuicocone. On the summer solstice from this same viewpoint, they would see the Sun rise right behind the present-day archeological site of, which sits 2,300 meters above sea level in the foothills of a mountain chain called Sierra de Patlachique.

Taken together, the alignments – along with illustrations and texts found in ancient Mexica codices – imply Mount Tlaloc served as a fundamental tool for marking important times of the year and for calendric adjustments. With this approach, the Sun would rise directly behind Mount Tlaloc every 365 days, and every four years, an extra day would have to be accounted for to keep the calendar on track.

Some historical records from colonists hint at the Aztec calendar starting in February, but they also suggest that important rituals and sacred ceremonies occurred around the same time that the Sun rises behind key landmarks in the valley. Finally, the winter equinox occurs when the Sun rises at the edge of a landscape feature known as Iztaccihuatl which looks like a sleeping woman. This time of year is also associated with womanhood and female gods.

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