An international group of researchers, led by the University of Southampton, has offered a fascinating look into the hunting strategies and dietary habits of Neanderthals and other human groups residing in Western Europe. The team scrutinized the chemical composition preserved within tooth enamel
A Neanderthal premolar tooth from the Almonda cave system, Portugal, seen from different angles. Isotopes of strontium were used to track the movement of this individual over the 2 to 3 years the enamel took to form. Credit: João Zilhão, has offered a fascinating look into the hunting strategies and dietary habits of Neanderthals and other human groups residing in Western Europe.
Part of a mandible of an extinct species of Rhinoceros hunted by Neanderthals around the landscape of the Almonda Caves, Portugal. Isotopic analysis showed Rhinoceros were present all year round within about 30km of the caves. Credit: José Paulo Ruas The team showed that the Neanderthals, who were targeting large animals, could have hunted wild goats in the summer, whereas horses, red deer, and an extinct form of rhinoceros were available all year round within about 30 kilometers of the cave. The Magdalenian individual showed a different pattern of subsistence, with seasonal movement of about 20 kilometers from the Almonda caves to the banks of the Tagus River, and a diet that included rabbits, red deer, wild goat, and freshwater fish.
“Using laser ablation, we can measure the variation of strontium isotopes over the two or three years it takes for the enamel to form. By comparing the strontium isotopes in the teeth with sediments collected at different locations in the region, we were able to map the movements of the Neanderthals and the Magdalenian individual. The geology around the Almonda caves is highly variable, making it possible to spot movement of just a few kilometers.
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