In windowless labs in Colorado sit the 20 atomic clocks the world sets its watch by. They’re barely keeping up
Caesium is a soft, silvery-gold metal that becomes liquid when stored in a warm room. It is mostly found in mineral deposits near a small lake in the wilds of central Canada. Its main commercial use is as an ingredient in drilling fluids for petroleum exploration. But thanks to quirks of chemistry and history, caesium is also the metronome of the world, the ultimate source of all modern time. For millennia, celestial phenomena were our timekeepers and calendars, the best clockwork we had.
Optical clocks are 100 times better than their microwave forebears and we’re now looking at the 18th decimal place. For scale, here’s pi to the 18th decimal place: 3.141 592 653 589 793 238. These clocks would lose less than a second over the age of the universe. An optical clock is so precise that if you lifted one a centimetre off the ground, it would detect the gravitational dilation foretold by Einsteinian relativity.
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