A new fluoride-containing electrolyte paves the way for high-performance, long-lasting batteries. Many toothpastes contain sodium fluoride, a compound of fluorine, to defend teeth from decay. However, compounds containing fluorine have additional unexpected applications. Researchers from the U.S. D
Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory discovered a fluoride electrolyte that improves the performance of next-generation batteries beyond lithium-ion. This new electrolyte enhances energy density and prolongs battery lifespan, potentially revolutionizing the electric vehicle industry.Many toothpastes contain sodium fluoride, a compound of fluorine, to defend teeth from decay. However, compounds containing fluorine have additional unexpected applications.
One of the main contenders has an anode made of lithium metal in place of the graphite normally used in lithium-ion batteries. It is thus called a “lithium metal” battery. The cathode is a metal oxide that contains nickel, manganese, and cobalt . While it can deliver more than double the energy density possible with a lithium-ion battery, that outstanding performance rapidly vanishes within less than a hundred charge-discharge cycles.
The team discovered a new fluoride solvent that maintains a robust protective layer for hundreds of cycles. It couples a fluorinated component that is positively charged with a different fluorinated component that is negatively charged . This combination is what scientists call an ionic liquid — a liquid consisting of positive and negative ions.
As Zhang explained, simulations on the ALCF’s Theta supercomputer revealed that the fluorine cations stick to and accumulate on the anode and cathode surfaces before any charge-discharge cycling. Then, during the early stages of cycling, a resilient SEI layer forms that is superior to what is possible with previous electrolytes.
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