New research reveals that biological age in humans and mice can rapidly increase due to stress but is reversible upon stress recovery, challenging the traditional view of aging. Transient changes in biological age were observed during major surgery, pregnancy, and severe COVID-19, suggesting stress
shows that humans and mice experience rapid increases in biological age due to stress, but these increases can be reversed following stress recovery. This challenges the long-held belief of a unidirectional upward trajectory of biological age throughout life. Researchers used DNA methylation clocks to measure changes in biological age in response to stress and found that biological age increased over short time periods but reverted to baseline following stress recovery.
The biological age of organisms is thought to steadily increase over the life course, but it is now clear that biological age is not indelibly linked to chronological age. Individuals can be biologically older or younger than their chronological age implies. Moreover, increasing evidence in animal models and humans indicates that biological age can be influenced by disease, drug treatment, lifestyle changes, and environmental exposures, among other factors.
The results revealed that biological age may increase over relatively short time periods in response to stress, but this increase is transient and trends back toward baseline following recovery from stress. At epigenetic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic levels, the biological age of young mice was increased by heterochronic parabiosis and restored following surgical detachment.
“The findings imply that severe stress increases mortality, at least in part, by increasing biological age,” Gladyshev says. “This notion immediately suggests that mortality may be decreased by reducing biological age and that the ability to recover from stress may be an important determinant of successful aging and longevity. Finally, biological age may be a useful parameter in assessing physiological stress and its relief.
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