Knowing more about genes linked to type 1 diabetes and the exact processes inside the body they control can reveal new insights into how and why type 1 diabetes develops, and where to intervene to stop it PMGallagher1 reports:
have been found by scientists who hope the discovery will lead to new treatments for hundreds of thousands of people.
Knowing more about genes linked to type 1 diabetes and the exact processes inside the body they control can reveal new insights intoBy looking at how genes regulate the activity of other genes, the team pinpointed the nine new core genes – all linked to the immune system – that directly and powerfully affect type 1 diabetes risk. Seven of these genes play a crucial role in regulating the immune cells that attack the pancreas in type 1 diabetes.
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Birthweight is associated with clinical characteristics in people with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes - DiabetologiaAims/hypothesis Low birthweight is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes but it is unknown whether low birthweight is associated with distinct clinical characteristics at disease onset. We examined whether a lower or higher birthweight in type 2 diabetes is associated with clinically relevant characteristics at disease onset. Methods Midwife records were traced for 6866 individuals with type 2 diabetes in the Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2) cohort. Using a cross-sectional design, we assessed age at diagnosis, anthropomorphic measures, comorbidities, medications, metabolic variables and family history of type 2 diabetes in individuals with the lowest 25% of birthweight (3700 g), compared with a birthweight of 3000–3700 g as reference, using log-binomial and Poisson regression. Continuous relationships across the entire birthweight spectrum were assessed with linear and restricted cubic spline regression. Weighted polygenic scores (PS) for type 2 diabetes and birthweight were calculated to assess the impact of genetic predispositions. Results Each 1000 g decrease in birthweight was associated with a 3.3 year (95% CI 2.9, 3.8) younger age of diabetes onset, 1.5 kg/m2 (95% CI 1.2, 1.7) lower BMI and 3.9 cm (95% CI 3.3, 4.5) smaller waist circumference. Compared with the reference birthweight, a birthweight of |3000 g was associated with more overall comorbidity (prevalence ratio [PR] for Charlson Comorbidity Index Score ≥3 was 1.36 [95% CI 1.07, 1.73]), having a systolic BP ≥155 mmHg (PR 1.26 [95% CI 0.99, 1.59]), lower prevalence of diabetes-associated neurological disease, less likelihood of family history of type 2 diabetes, use of three or more glucose-lowering drugs (PR 1.33 [95% CI 1.06, 1.65]) and use of three or more antihypertensive drugs (PR 1.09 [95% CI 0.99, 1.20]). Clinically defined low birthweight (|2500 g) yielded stronger associations. Most associations between birthweight and clinical characteristics appeared linear, and a hig
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