The MINERvA experiment at Fermilab, utilizing the NuMI beam, has made the first precise depiction of a proton using neutrinos instead of light as the imaging tool. The Science The building blocks of atomic nuclei, protons and neutrons, are comprised of quarks and gluons that interact strongly with
A magnetic focusing “horn” that scientists used to produce the neutrinos in Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory’s NuMI beam. This method made this first-ever image of the proton using neutrinos. Credit: Reidar Hahn, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Therefore, scientists must resort to experimental methods to determine their structure. Neutrino experiments utilize targets consisting of nuclei comprised of numerous protons and neutrons bound together, which makes it difficult to deduce information about the structure of protons from these measurements.
Those experiments require an accurate understanding of how neutrinos interact on the heavy nuclei in the experiments, such as argon in the case of DUNE. Building a theory of those interactions requires separating the effects of neutrino scattering from protons or neutrons and the effects of the binding in the nucleus.
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