Analysis: What is happening in Hong Kong?
Since 1997, Hong Kong has operated under semiautonomous rule — with separate legal, political and economic systems from mainland China — and a de facto constitution, called the Basic Law, which allows for such liberties as freedom of press and assembly. When Britain handed over the former colony, China pledged to preserve the “one country, two systems” framework through 2047.
But China continued to see Hong Kong as part of its territory. The 1997 agreement was intended to occupy the middle ground between two competing visions for the former colony. The semiautonomous territory continued to flourish as a global financial center while running many of its own affairs, despite China’s control over its defense and foreign relations.Hong Kong still managed to forge its own relations with the United States and other countries.
And in 2014, a pro-democracy movement began to gain momentum as activists pushed back against China’s plans to influence the selection of the city’s chief executive. The protests eventually drew more than a million people to Hong Kong’s streets and the demonstrations became known as the “Umbrella Movement,” after the umbrellas protesters carried to protect themselves from tear gas.
Lam tried to claim in July that the bill was “dead,” but most protesters saw her declaration as meaningless until the bill was formally withdrawn. By September, she finally pulled back the bill, but the protests had ballooned into a movement centered on a broader set of democratic demands. The activists persisted and Hong Kong authorities responded, at times with force. The police are facing accusations they have used excessive force on protesters.
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