What is the role of adenoviruses in human health? WesternU elsevierconnect Adenovirus HumanHealth Health
By Dr. Liji Thomas, MDNov 9 2022Reviewed by Aimee Molineux With advances in molecular biology informing recent developments in vaccinology, gene therapy, and other fields of medicine, human adenoviruses have been of primary importance in medical research. A recent review in Trends in Molecular Medicine looks at the promises of HAdVs, their potential dangers, and future challenges.
Timeline of HAdV-related knowledge HAdVs were first isolated back in 1953 from healthy people's tonsillar and adenoid tissue. The following year they were found in military individuals suffering from acute respiratory disease, marking the first such pathogen isolated since the 1930s, when the flu virus came to light.
It was in 2020 that the first adenovirus vaccine gained approval, against the Ebola virus, for use in exceptional circumstances. Several more were developed the next year for use in the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Similarly, the B55 variant arose from the recombination of B11 and B14 strains and shows increased pathogenicity.
Overall, a growing emphasis has been placed on exploring the potential of nonhuman AdVs to cross species barriers and understanding their interactions with the human immune system.” Conversely, with weakened immunity, the infection may become serious, causing hepatitis or pneumonia, which may ultimately be fatal in a small proportion of cases. HAdV can also cause epidemic keratoconjunctivitis , most commonly due to the D8 variant. EKC is highly infectious and severe and may take months or years to resolve completely. In some cases, vision may be permanently impaired.
Almost all humans are infected at least once by the time they complete their sixth year of life. These infections, especially with HAdV A and D, are mild or asymptomatic. Such infections comprise a tenth of childhood respiratory infections, mostly due to HAdV types 1-7.
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