Deep-sea fish have evolved unique traits to thrive in their unforgiving habitat.
Many of the fish lurking in the depths of the ocean resemble the alien villains of horror films, with gargantuan teeth, glow-in-the-dark bodies and bulging eyeballs. But why do these fish have such otherworldly features?
"The deep sea is a really harsh place to make a living, so a lot of animals have really had to adapt some niche adaptations to survive in that environment," Mary McCarthy, a fish biologist at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California, told Live Science. Without many opportunities to find food, deep-sea fish have developed traits to help them capture prey, one of the most fearsome being a massive set of jaws.
But luring in prey isn't the only advantage of bioluminescence, which can be seen in more than 75% of deep-sea fish, according to a 2017 Nature study by researchers with the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. Some deep-sea fish, such as the giant hatchetfish , are able to dim and brighten to match the light in their surroundings, using bioluminescence as a cloaking mechanism to hide from potential enemies.
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