Britain’s plans for Brexit have been bedeviled by the U.K.’s only land border. Here’s why.
By Stephen Fidler Oct. 13, 2019 1:32 pm ET LONDON—Britain’s plans for Brexit have been bedeviled by the U.K.’s only land border.
The bloc has been a customs union since 1968, before Britain and Ireland joined, with members trading among each other without tariffs and imposing a common schedule of duties on goods imported from outside the bloc. That did away with customs bureaucracy on trade within the bloc necessary even in conventional free-trade agreements—for example, to certify the origin of goods.
Since the U.K. voted to leave the EU in 2016, both Mrs. May and Mr. Johnson initially set out plans to leave the customs union and the single market to allow the U.K. to follow its own rules and standards, and set its own customs and trade policy. The solution to the conundrum agreed to by Mrs.former U.K. Prime Minister Theresa May was to keep Northern Ireland in the single market for goods. That would require new product checks in the Irish Sea between the British mainland and Ireland.
Details are scant. Mr. Johnson has conceded the need for product checks in the Irish Sea and officials say has proposed an arrangement whereby Northern Ireland would stay notionally as part of the U.K.’s customs union. But in practical terms, goods traveling into Northern Ireland from the rest of the U.K. or elsewhere would undergo EU customs checks before entering the territory, and Northern Irish companies or retailers would then claim tariff rebates where U.K. tariffs were below EU levels.
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