Greater variety of fruit and vegetable consumption associated with lower mortality risk Mortality Vegetables Diet Nutrition Cancer CardiovascularDisease Diabetes Education Food Fruit Els_Nutrition
By Tarun Sai LomteMar 28 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. In a recent study published in The Journal of Nutrition, researchers examine the associations between variety/quantity of fruit and vegetable intake and mortality in older Chinese adults.
Although associations between a higher variety of FV consumption and reduced risks of cancer, obesity, and diabetes have been reported, the independent role of FV variety and quantity remains unclear, as people who consume a variety of FVs may also have higher intake and vice versa. For example, one study demonstrated that absolute quantity, rather than the variety of FV intake, was associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease.
The primary exposure was FV intake, which was assessed using a 300-item food frequency questionnaire that spanned 66 and 30 types of vegetables and fruits, respectively. Participants were asked to indicate food items, portion size, and intake frequency every week. Results from the questionnaire were compared with approximate estimations for total energy, potassium, and sodium intake.
Multivariate Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of mortality associated with FV intake quantity and variety. One model was crude, whereas the second model was adjusted for age and sex, and the third model was adjusted for lifestyle factors, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, and other dietary factors.
In contrast, participants in the highest quintile of the FV intake variety were younger and had higher education/family income but lower physical activity and cereal grain intake. No association of FV intake quantity was reported with all-cause, CVD, or cancer mortality. In the adjusted model, greater FV intake variety was associated with a reduced risk of mortality from all causes and CVD but not cancer.
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