Organ-specific aging clocks for multiple brain and body systems show that the biologicalage of one organ system selectively influences the aging of multiple other systems via specific aging pathways yetianmed AndrewZalesky UniMelb UniMelbMDHS
) and that the 16 disease categories were parsed into two large comorbid groups, corresponding to major brain and body disorders. Notably, brain disorders were also comorbid with diseases primarily implicated in body organ systems, with stronger effect sizes observed in males. For example, depression was significantly associated with osteoarthritis, COPD and hypertensive diseases and dementia was associated with CKD and stroke.Mortality data released on 4 March 2021 were used in this study.
The Cox proportional hazards model was applied under the assumption that mortality HRs in relation to organ age gaps do not change over time for any individual. Therefore, the estimated HR represented the relative risk of death for each unit increase in age gap, compared to the baseline hazard, which was defined as the mean age gap across individuals. To enable comparisons, each organ age gap was first standardized by mean and s.d.
. Death before age 70 years was also considered based on the mean age of death of the current UK Biobank cohort . Prediction models were estimated based on five groups of predictors to assess the extent to which body age gaps improved prediction of survival and premature death beyond established predictors, including chronological age, sex, existing disease diagnoses and key lifestyle factors.
Model 5, chronological age, sex, eight body age gaps, existing diagnoses of the 16 disease categories, general health and key lifestyle factors included in the Cox regression analysis.
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